中 国 比 较 文 学

2008年第4期（总第73期）

 

二十一世纪比较文学反思                                      

[英]苏珊•巴斯奈特 著

黄德先 译

摘要：斯皮瓦克所倡导的政治化的比较文学，对欧洲学者来说没有任何帮助，比较文学的核心问题既是政治的也是审美的。比较行为既存在于不同学者对同一话题的研究方法之中，更重要的是还存在于阅读过程中。翻译是促进文学史中信息流形成的关键方法，任何比较文学的研究都需把翻译史置于中心位置。比较文学和翻译研究都不应看作是学科，而是研究文学、阅读文学的方法。比较文学的未来在于放弃使用任何规定性的方法来限定研究对象。

关键词：比较文学；翻译研究；阅读

 

Abstract: The politicised dimension to comparative literature proposed by Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is not particularly helpful for the European scholars. The crucial issues of comparative literature are indeed as much aesthetic as political. The act of comparing takes place both in terms of the ways in which individual scholars approach the same topic and most significantly, in the reading process. That history involves translation as a crucial means of enabling information flow, hence the need to position the history of translation centrally within any comparative literary study. Neither comparative literature nor translation studies should be seen as a discipline: rather both are methods of approaching literature, ways of reading that are mutually beneficial. The future of comparative literature lies in jettisoning attempts to define the object of study in any prescriptive way.

Key Words: comparative literature; translation studies; reading

 

抗战时期（1931-1945）外国儿童文学的译介及其影响                   文军 王晨爽

摘  要：外国儿童文学的译介构成了抗战文坛的一个重要景观。抗战时期的中国儿童文学的发展与外国儿童文学的译介有着十分密切的关系。国家涉及苏、美、英、法、意、德、日等，文体包括童话、儿童小说、寓言、童话剧、儿童诗歌等。本文通过对抗战时期外国儿童文学在中国译介的系统研究，包括考察译介数量、译介种类和出版情况，从而剖析了战时儿童文学的译介特点以及外国儿童文学的译介对抗战儿童文学创作产生的深刻影响。

关键词：儿童文学；抗战时期；译介；影响

 

Abstract: Translation of children’s literature during the Sino-Japanese War is a phenomenon too remarkable to be ignored. The development of Chinese children’s literature is closely related to  the translation. A great number of children’s literature were introduced to China from Russia, America, England, France, Italy, German, Japan and so on, including fairy tales, children’s novels, fables, children’s plays, children’s poems, etc. This paper is to make a comprehensive survey of translated children’s literature published in China from September 1931 to August 1945, involving the quantity and genres of translations and the publishing houses. Based on the survey, the developmental outline of children’s literature translation is to be drawn to show its influence upon Chinese children’s literature and the characteristics of translated children’s literature during the Sino-Japanese War.

Key Words: children’s literature; the Sino-Japanese War; translation; influence

 

 

从《百年一觉》看晚清传教士的文学译介活动                               何绍斌

摘要：《百年一觉》是晚清新教传教士译介的为数不多的世俗文学作品之一，但正是这个译本折射出传教士译介活动的主要特点。其主要特征表现为文学文本的非文学化处理、译介策略上的创造性叛逆和接受环节的创造性挪用。该译本如同传教士译介的其它知识门类一样，并未能实现译者的初衷。新教传教士的译介目的与结果之间的错位为晚清中国思想文化的转型提供了某种可能性。

关键词：传教士；翻译文学；创造性叛逆

Abstract: Bai Nian Yi Jiao, one Chinese version of Edward Bellamy’s utopian novel Looking Backward, 2000-1887, is one of few works translated by protestant missionaries from western secular literature into Chinese. It is this very translation that embodies the main characteristics of the missionary translation project in 19th-centruy China. On the whole, between the motives and results of the protestant translation project there exists a great discrepancy, which nurtures certain possibilities for the transformation of the Chinese thoughts and culture at the turn of the 20th century.

Key Words: Christian missionaries; translated literature; creative treason

 

新人文主义：西方背景及中国场域的概念论辩

朱寿桐

摘要：随着学衡派等保守主义文人团体或文化流派在当代学术深化运作中逐渐浮出历史的水面，新人文主义已经成为一个学术关键词。然而新人文主义及与之密切相关的人文主义在中国理论场域始终面临着概念的泛用、错置与误释等等歧误，这些歧误与西方文化背景在此套概念应用方面所呈现的复杂情形有相当的逻辑联系，由此引起的学术论辩也对人们深化对新人文主义乃至人文主义的概念与价值认知具有一定的促进作用。

关键词：新人文主义；西方背景；中国场域

Abstract: With the establishment of the role played by conservative intellectual associations or schools such as Xueheng School in the development of contemporary study, Neo-Humanism has become a key word for academic study. However, Neo-Humanism and Humanism as closely interrelated concepts are confronted with many problems such as overgeneralization, misplacement and misinterpretation. All the problems are logically related to the discrepancy between the western and Chinese cultural background in the use of these concepts. The academic discussion resulting from the discrepancy will be helpful in promoting the understanding of the concepts and values of Neo-Humanism and Humanism.

Key words: Neo-Humanism; western cultural background; Chinese cultural background

 

 

文化与政治：白璧德 “人文教育”观的双重面相                            张  源

 

摘要：白璧德的“人文教育”观具有文化与政治双重面相。一方面，他的教育观与其文化观念通过一系列相关联的术语与表述——人文教育，人文学科，文学，古典——紧密地联系在了一起；另一方面，其教育观与其政治理想同样通过一系列术语与表述——人文教育，文明，习惯，惯习，典范，品格，领袖（leader，leadership）——产生了深刻的关联。实际上，这两条脉络（1、人文教育—文化，2、人文教育—政治）一而二、二而一，须臾而不可离，但西方研究者却往往忽视这后一层的联系。白璧德的“人文教育”观在其整个的“人文主义”思想中占有至关重要的核心地位，阐明这一理念的实质或将有助于今后相关研究的开展。

关键词：白璧德；人文教育；文化；政治   

Abstract: Culture and Politics constitute the two facets of Irving Babbitt’s thought of Humanistic education. The former always goes with such terms as humanities, literature and classics, while the latter often connects itself with such terms as civilization, habit, convention, character and leader/leadership in Babbitt’s works. However, certain western researchers tend to neglect the latter connection between Politics and Babbitt’s thought of Humanistic education.  Actually these two facets are inseparable and reflect each other, and only when Babbitt’s thought of Humanistic education is viewed in that light, could further researches be made properly.

Key words: Irving Babbitt；humanistic education；culture；politics 

 

西方思想的中世纪基础                              [德] 恩斯特•罗伯特•库齐 著

                                                                       陈纳译

摘要:本文从历史文化研究的视角出发，强调文化发展的连续性，反对简单的以时划界、各贴标签的做法。通过对西方中世纪文学史和思想史的分析，尤其是对但丁及其作品的分析，文章指出中世纪在西方思想发展过程中的重要传承作用，其核心在于中世纪在重新阐述传统的过程中所体现出的“信仰和欢乐”的精神。

关键词：中世纪西方思想；但丁；欢乐精神

Abstract: From a historical and cultural perspective, this paper emphasizes the aspect of continuity in cultural development and opposes the practice of mechanically labeling and cutting history into separate periods. By analyzing the literature and intellectual histories of the Middle Ages, and in particular Dante and his works, it points out the significant function of the Middle Ages in the development of Western intellectual history; whose core lies in the spirit of “Faith and Joy”, with which the Middle Ages restated tradition. 

Key Words：Western medieval thoughts; Dante; the spirit of joy

 

李德懋诗学观与王士祯诗学观之比较                                       徐东日

 

［摘要］李德懋不仅热情传播王士祯的“神韵说”，而且扬弃王士祯诗学。即他接受王士祯有关“生气”、以形写神、“妙悟”的诗学思想，同时拓宽诗中“气”的内涵，力主神似与形似兼备。另外，相对于王士祯较重视悟后境界，更重视入悟时的境界。

［关键词］李德懋；王士祯；气；形与神；悟

Abstract: Li Demao advocated passionately Wang Shizhen’s poetics of “poetic charm” and improved it critically. He accepted Wang Shizhen’s ideas of “vitality”, “spirituality of forms” and “enlightenment”. Meanwhile he expanded the connotation of “qi”, proposing both spiritual and formal verisimilitude. Wang laid emphasis on the situation after enlightenment, while Li Demao attached more importance to the very moment of the enlightenment itself.

Key words: Li Demao; Wang Shizhen; qi; form and spirit; enlightenment

 

西风东渐

——论法国象征主义和德国浪漫主义对俄国象征主义的影响                   郑体武

摘要：象征主义是一种世界性文学思潮；作为象征主义重要组成部分的俄国象征主义，既受到法国象征主义影响，也受到德国浪漫主义的影响；就题材、体裁、世纪末情调而言，俄国象征主义主要受法国象征主义启发，就诗歌内容的神秘性和生活与艺术的统一性而言，主要接受了德国浪漫主义观念；而就对诗歌的音乐性得重视来说，则无疑是既借鉴了前者，也借鉴了后者。

关键词：俄国、象征主义、法国影响、德国影响。

Abstract: Russian Symbolism as an important part of Symbolism as a worldwide literary movement is influenced by both French Symbolism and German Romanticism. Russian Symbolism in subjects, genres and fin-de-siecle style was mainly inspired by French Symbolism while its ideas of mysticism of poetic content and artistic unity were mainly borrowed from German Romanticism. However, the importance attached to poem’s musicality came from both.

Key words: Russia; Symbolism; French influence; German Inflence

 

“翻案”与日本古代小说创作方式的演进

——以《浦岛子传》和《日本灵异记》为例                                 杨  彬

 

摘要：“翻案”是日本小说独有的一种模仿创作手段，也是早期日本小说创作的主要方式之一。对于“翻案”的不同态度，某种程度上直接决定了日本汉文小说与其民族小说的不同品格。本文通过对中国小说与日本汉文小说及日本民族小说创作手法的比较研究，在对“翻案”创作手法重新认识的基础上，以颇具代表性的日本早期汉文小说《浦岛子传》及《日本灵异记》的模仿与创作为例，梳理了日本小说创作方式在中国小说影响下一步步演进的基本线索。

关键词：翻案；日本汉文小说；浦岛子传；日本灵异记

Abstract: Fan’an is a technique of imitation particular in Japanese fiction and one of the major techniques of Japanese fiction in the early times. Various attitudes towards Fan’an somewhat produce various characteristics of both Japanese fiction written in Chinese and its ethnic fiction. This paper is to trace the development of the techniques of Japanese fiction under the influence of Chinese fiction through a comparative study of Chinese fiction, Japanese fiction written in Chinese and Japanese ethnic fiction, focusing on The Legend of Urashima Taro and Nihon Ryoiki, most representative Japanese fiction in early times.

Key Words: Fan’an; Japanese fiction written in Chinese; The Legend of Urashima Taro; Nihon Ryoiki

 

异域情调•故国想象•原乡记忆

——美国英语文学中的三种中国形象及其批评                         唐海东 邬晓丽

摘要：美国的英语文学中存在着三种不同的中国形象，它们由文化身份差异显著的主体所塑造，也被不同文化身份的群体所消费。当我们研究这些形象以及它们在中国国内的批评接受时，发现批评者的兴趣所在常常是形象学并不关注的形象的“真实性”问题。本文认为，批评界对中国形象是否符合中国现实这一问题的关注和兴趣自有其根源与合理性，对形象真实性的伦理评价受到一些关键因素的影响和制约。批评者对这些形象的剖析既应当显示对西方社会与文化权力运作的适度敏感，也不应忽视它们对中国社会的能动意义。

关键词：中国形象；批评；文化身份；真实性

 

Abstract: Three different types of authors with different cultural identities create three different images of China in American literature written in English. Whether these images show the reader an “authentic” China is a question that image study seldom bothers to care but one that often arouses the interest of domestic critics. This essay explores the cause of such interest and then analyzes some factors critical to the ethical evaluation related to the “authenticity” of these images. The author holds that a proper criticism should, on the one hand, displays a reasonable sensitiveness to the socio-cultural hegemonism inherent in these China’s images, and on the other hand, also realizes the positive significance they sometimes carry to Chinese society.

Key words: image of China; criticism; cultural identity; authenticity  

 

对中国比较文学课程教学的反思                                           朱静宇

 

摘要：针对目前中国比较文学课程教学中所出现的困惑，本文追根溯源，指出中国比较文学学科定位人为地缩小了教学对象，应该提倡将它开设成中国语言文学专业和外国语言文学专业的必修课。文章呼吁，采众家之长，真正建构起中国的比较文学学科理论体系，建立起一套行之有效的中国比较文学课程教材。

 

关键词：课程; 教学；学科理论; 教材

 

Abstract: In view of the status quo of teaching and learning comparative literature in China, this paper proposes that comparative literature should be made a compulsory course for the students majoring in Chinese literature and foreign literature. For that we need a systematic theory of comparative literature and effective textbooks for comparative literature.

Keywords: curriculum; teaching and learning; disciplinary theory; textbook