比较文学在当代中国的复兴与发展（1978-2008）
--在中国比较文学学会第九届年会暨国际学术研讨会上的学术总结报告
孙景尧
（上海师范大学 文学院，上海 200234）
摘要：当代中国比较文学，自1978年“复兴”至今，已历三十春秋，正值“而立之年”。对30年来中国比较文学的历程与现状、成绩和问题，本文从发展概况、教学业绩、学科建设和学术成果等方面，作了回顾、总结与审视，以便能比较清醒地迈向“不惑”与“知命”的学科未来和发展。
关键词：比较文学；教学教材；学科建设；学术研究；存在问题
Abstract：Confucius(551-479 B.C.) said, “At thirty my character had been formed. At forty I had no more perplexities. At fifty I knew the Mandate of Heaven(Tian-ming)”, The Chinese comparative literature is now in its thirties ever since the renaissance in 1978, which can be said “At thirty its character had been formed.”. The standing committee of the Chinese Comparative Literature Association regards it very necessary to make a review over what we have achieved over the past thirty years and what problems we are facing now. For that reason, we make a report on the following three aspects: historical review over the development of Chinese comparative literature for the past thirty years, the discipline construction and teaching, academic research.
文化研究的翻译与旅行*
李根芳
(台湾师范大学 翻译研究所,)
摘要：本雅明（Walter Benjamin）在其影响甚巨的《译者的天职》一文中，描绘翻译是原作的来世。由于翻译总是在原作之后产生，它势必在某种程度上延续且扩展了原作的生命，其力量基至可跨及数个世代。文化研究做为一门学科，不可避免地势必需要透过翻译，且往往旅行散播到各地。在移转迻译的过程中，会产生何种新的质素，或是引发什么刺激，的确是值得深究的课题。我尝试检视台湾过去数十年来文化研究的轨迹与路径，并且希望透过文化研究的启发及其影响，来探究人文学科未来的远景。
关键词：文化研究；建制化；来生；翻译；旅行
Abstract: Walter Benjamin describes that translation is the afterlife of the original. Since translation always comes after the original, it continues and extends the life of the original, at its best, even in succeeding generations. In this paper, I attempt to examine how cultural studies is translated and travels in Taiwan in the past decades and what its prospect is in the future in light of and under the influence of University’s major changes. By appropriating Benjamin’s term, I mean to suggest that the convergence of translation studies and culture studies would be the afterlife of translation studies and the translational turn in cultural studies may produce more interesting work in an era of globalization.
Keywords: cultural studies, institutionalization, afterlife, travel, translation
从比较文学到电影研究
——鲁晓鹏教授访谈录
李凤亮
（深圳大学 广东深圳 518060）
摘要：出身比较文学而从事中西比较诗学及20世纪中国现代文学与文化研究，是众多当代海外华人学者的共同学术选择。近年来，北美比较文学界发生重大变化，传统的比较文学研究面临转型，文化研究作为一个新领域迅速兴起。从中西比较诗学转向当代文化研究，海外华人学者迅速顺应了当代学术话语的转换。而华语电影研究作为美国大学东亚研究和比较文学研究中蓬勃发展的一个新学科，正引起海外华人学者更多的关注，并成为海内外学术交流的一个重要话题。
Abstract: Sino-western comparative poetics and modern Chinese literature & culture were two of the research fields of many contemporary overseas Chinese scholars who had doctor’s degree of Comparative Literature in abroad. There were some great changes in North American academic circles of comparative literature recently. On one side, traditional research modes of comparative literature were faced with a turn; on the other side, cultural studies were becoming a new academic method. From comparative poetics to cultural studies, the transform of contemporary academic discourse was caught by the overseas Chinese scholars. As a new and developing discipline of the fields of East Asian and Comparative Literature in American university, Chinese-language film studies are now bringing to more and more attention of overseas Chinese scholars, and becoming an important subject in the Chinese-foreign academic exchanges.
翻译“他者中的他者”：一种策略上的本质主义
——透视斯皮瓦克的后殖民翻译诗学
郝 琳
Translating “the Other in the Other”: A Strategic Essentialism
---An Insight into Spivak’s Post-colonial Poetics of Translation
（山西大学 外国语学院，太原 030006）
（中国人民大学 文学院，北京 100872）
摘要：本文旨在深入解读斯皮瓦克所界定的对“伦理特异性”做出回应和负责任的后殖民翻译诗学：后殖民翻译应履行的文化批判与政治介入功能——呈现第三世界属下阶层、属下女性被遮蔽的他者性；应承担的正义的伦理责任——对多重差异性的第三世界属下他者文本的爱与爱欲；应采取的思维方式或认识论立场——一种“策略上的本质主义”；以及应实行的操作策略与技术——屈服于第三世界原文语言修辞性的直译法。
关键词：斯皮瓦克；属下阶层；伦理特异性；爱欲；策略上的本质主义
Abstract: The article attempts to be an in-depth reading of Spivak’s post-colonial translation poetics bound to respond to and take responsibility for the “ethical singularity”: 1) its function as cultural critique and political intervention---revealing the obscured otherness of the subaltern. 2) its ethical commitment as justice---lovingly submitting to the multiply differential subaltern text. 3) its epistemological position---the “strategic essentialism”. 4) and its method---literal translation submitting to the rhetoricity of the original language.
Key words: G. C. Spivak; the subaltern; ethical singularity; love; strategic essentialism
论狄公案故事的中西互动
魏艳
（哈佛大学 东亚系， 美国 02138）
摘要：本文讨论了围绕狄公案故事所发生的中西互动的三个阶段，即最初高罗佩于1949年将一部传统的中国公案小说《武则天四大奇案》的前三十章翻译并介绍给了英语文学读者；接着，自1949年到1967年，高罗佩开始利用中国公案故事和相关素材，按照西方侦探小说的结构套路创作狄公案故事系列；最后，中国译者自80年代起模仿宋元白话风格将高罗佩的狄公案译成中文以及后世作家继续创作同一题材的作品。这三个阶段构成了一个由“出口”、“改装”、“进口”最后再到“本土化”的文化回溯现象。通过对该现象的分析，本文探讨了中国传统公案小说和西方侦探小说这两种不同文体如何借助翻译的形式在中西文化之间穿梭“旅行”，并提出了“似曾相识”(Déjà vu)的概念，来分析中西读者在阅读狄公案中产生既熟悉又陌生的心理感受的深层原因。
关键词： 《狄公案》；侦探小说；公案小说， 荷兰高罗佩
Abstract: This paper focuses upon the work of Robert van Gulik (1910–1967), a Dutch writer famous for his Judge Dee mysteries and examines three phases in the cross-cultural circulation of the Judge Dee stories. First, in 1949, van Gulik selectively translated thirty chapters of a traditional Chinese gong’an novel about Judge Dee into English. Second, from 1949 to 1967, van Gulik used Chinese sources to create his own Judge Dee mysteries that followed the formulaic requirements of Western detective fiction. Finally, in the 1980s, Chinese translators began imitating the style of late Ming/Qing vernacular novels when translating van Gulik’s Judge Dee novels back into Chinese, and later writers have continued to produce Judge Dee stories. The purpose of this paper is to examine the course of the genre’s “traveling” (in this case, from traditional Chinese gong’an into Western detective fiction) between the East and the West and the notion of déjà vu to gain understanding of the mixture of exotic and nostalgic feelings that van Gulik’s Judge Dee novels have produced.
Key words: Judge Dee Novels; detective fiction; Gong’an tales; Robert Van Gulik
“存在编码”：米兰·昆德拉文学语言观阐释
谭学纯
（福建师范大学文学院 福建 福州 350007）
摘要：分析米兰·昆德拉《小说的艺术》中未经诠释的学术话语“存在编码”，参照汉语写作中的同类现象，依次阐释：存在编码与语词的自然语义及其修辞化变异的关系; 存在编码与人类经验世界的关系;存在编码以何种方式参与文学文本建构。指出：进入文学书写的“存在编码”，是个人修辞对公共经验局部偏离的存在之思与存在之诗。强势传播公共经验的文学书写，可能导向个人的傀儡生存；通篇流淌个人修辞的文学书写，可能导向个人介入社会的话语阻断。
关键词：存在编码; 个人修辞; 公共经验; 文学语言
Abstract:With reference to similar phenomena in Chinese literary creation, this article aims to analyze the un-interpreted term of “existential code” in Milan Kundera’s The Art of the Novel, and to interpret in turns: the relationship between the natural meaning of words and of the term “existential code” and the implied meaning of their rhetorical deviation; the relationship between existential code and the human empirical world; the ways in which existential code contributes to literary textual construction. It is further expounded that existential code in literary text is a revelation of poetic thoughts on existential issue as resulted from the partial mismatch between idiosyncratic rhetoric and shared experience. Literary creation, which transmits shared experience can end up with the creation of a masked existence of the individual while literary texts overflowing with idiosyncratic rhetoric can lead to interdiction of social communication in terms of discourse.
Key Words: existential code; idiosyncratic rhetoric; shared experience; literary language;
西方哲学与中国文学熔铸而成的“天才之作”
——王国维《人间词》的审美意象剖析
李晓华
（重庆三峡学院 文学与新闻学院,重庆 404000）
摘要：本文认为王国维的哲学研究与文学创作是相始相终的，并通过对《人间词》的意象符号的简要分类，阐释王国维《人间词》是以儒道为“气”，以康德为“神”，以叔本华为“骨”，以传统语言符号为“象”的“天才之作”，因而其成就“不屑屑于言语之末，而名句间出，殆往往度越前人”。
关键词：《人间词》 康德 叔本华 哲学 审美意象
Abstract: In this paper, the author thinks Wang Guowei’s philosophical research always accompanies his literary creation. Through a brief categorization of image symbols in Renjian ci, the author explains the work is a “talent work” since it is guided by Confucianism, integrates Kant’s and Schopenhauer’s philosophical ideas, and with expressions in traditional language symbols. Its wording and sentences are so splendid that it is regarded as a great achievement in literature history.
Key words: Renjian ci, Kant, Schopenhauer, philosophy, aesthetic appreciation image
旋转的舞台：互文在京剧与莎剧之间
——论根据莎士比亚戏剧改编的京剧《歧王梦》
李 伟 民
（四川外语学院 《学报》 编辑部 ，重庆 400031 ）
摘要：根据莎士比亚戏剧《李尔王》改编的京剧莎剧《歧王梦》实现了从文本之间的互文到文化之间的互文。即展示了人文主义精神又在这种互文过程中与中国传统伦理教化实现了对接。两者互文的基础在于对“人性的剖析”，并通过改写与替换实现了艺术形式上的互文与互文化。在东西方文化之间架设起一座交流的桥梁。
关键词：莎士比亚 京剧《歧王梦》 《李尔王》 互文
Abstract:The Dream of Qiwang King adapted from Shakespeare’s king lear is noted for its contextuality of both texts and cultures, embodying Chinese traditional ethics as well as humanism. The contextuality between them is based on “the anatomy of human nature”, both are artistically contextualized through adaptation and substitution to build a cultural bridge between the East and the West.
Key Words: Shakespeare; Jingju The Dream of Qiwang King; king lear; contextuality
不同路径的人文主义
——林语堂与萨义德人文主义思想比较
李 勇
（苏州大学 文学院, 苏州 215123）
摘要： 林语堂与萨义德在反对西方文化霸权时都把立足点选在人文主义上，但是他们的人文主义思想是不同的。林语堂吸收了中国传统的儒道思想和基督教信仰，并与西方的人文传统相对比，建立起了以人性论为基本内涵的普世主义人文价值系统。而萨义德则从自己民族的现实处境出发，利用西方人文主义思想传统中的反省意识，把人文主义理解成一种批评实践，并将人文价值扩大到所有民族。他们的人文主义思想虽然有较大差异，但是可以互补。林语堂的普世主义为人文主义提供了新的价值，具有战略意义；萨义德的现世性批评实践为人文主义理想提供了落实的方法，具有战术意义。
关键词：人文主义 ；林语堂；萨义德；普世主义；批评实践
Abstract: Humanism is the basic point for Lin Yutang and Edward W. Said to oppose western cultural hegemony, but their humanism thoughts are different. Lin Yutang’s humanism thought includes Chinese traditional Confucianism, Taoism, western Christian belief, and humanism tradition. He constructed a universal value system by integrating all these thoughts. However, Said’s humanism thought comes from the tough situation of his own ethnic culture. He made use of the self-reflective consciousness in western humanist tradition to construct a worldly humanism as a critical practice that extended humanism to all races. Although these two humanisms are so different they could complement each other. Lin Yutang’s humanism is strategic with his universal ideas offering a new value direction for humanism while Said’s worldly humanism is tactical with his practical ideas providing methods for realizing humanism ideals.
Key words: Humanism; Lin Yutang; Edward W. Said; universal value; critical practice
《德伯家的苔丝》与《黑骏马》比较研究
程冷杰 秦秋
（南京审计学院 外国语学院，南京 210029）
摘 要: 托马斯·哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》与张承志的《黑骏马》是两篇哲理性较浓的诗意小说，都探索了民族走向现代化进程中农业文明所遭受的打击，体现了作家深刻的理性思维。两部小说都创作了位于文明冲突中心的青年一代形象，通过他们的悲剧反映了传统和现代抉择的艰难。两部小说充满了民风民俗，都采用诗化小说的方式，加深了小说的美感效应。
关键词：《德伯家的苔丝》与《黑骏马》；主题；人物；诗化小说
Abstract: Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy and The Black Steed by Zhang Chengzhi are both poetic novels full of philosophical meanings. Both novels explore the strike experienced by some nationalities in the process of the development into modern agricultural civilization and both authors’ rational thoughts were embodied in this exploration. The images of young generation from different backgrounds in the clashes of civilization were fully depicted in both novels. The difficult choices of protagonists between traditional and modern cultures were also reflected through their tragedies. The social practices and folk customs in both novels are characterized in a poetic manner, thus leading to more aesthetic effectiveness for readership.
Key words: Tess of the D’Urbervilles and The Black Steed; theme; characters; poetic novels
