关于比较文学的对象与方法
苏源熙著
何绍斌译、林涧校
编者按：本文节译自美国比较文学协会2003年报告草稿的第一部分第二节。第一节为比较文学研究史的回顾，此处限于篇幅删去未译；第二部分讨论目前比较文学所处的时代性质，我们拟于下期翻译刊出。报告作者系斯坦福大学亚洲语言与比较文学系教授苏源熙（Haun Saussy）。美国比较文学协会每十年发表一份报告，对美国国内比较文学研究的历史、现状及走向作出评判。本文在回顾比较文学对象史的基础上，着重对1993年伯恩海默（Charles Bernheimer）的报告作了评论。为方便阅读，译文给出原文中所涉及的重要外国作者和著作的英文名，并对较生僻的作家和作品给予简要注释。
关键词：2003年报告；对象与方法；伯恩海默报告
Editor’s note: The present article is a translation from Section B of Part I of ACLA 2003 Report (draft). Section A, which is a retrospect of the history of Comparative Literature is omitted here for limited space. Part II of this report, which discusses the contemporaneity of Comparative Literature will be translated and published in the next issue. The author of this report, Haun Saussy, is professor of Asian Languages and Comparative Literature at
Key Words: ACLA 2003 Report; object and method; Bernheimer’s Report
比较文学教学课程在香港
张旭
摘要：比较文学教学和学科理论建设是当前国内学界讨论的热门话题。本文将从教学方面考察现阶段比较文学课程在香港开设的大致情况，主要讨论这些研究型大学内比较文学教学的学科建制、课程设计、教学动态，以及这种教学模式中存在的若干问题。希望通过这种介绍，为国内大学同类专业的课程改革和建设提供借鉴和参考。
关键词：比较文学；教学；建制；课程设计；趋势；问题
Abstract: As an integral part of the theoretical construction within the discipline, the teaching of Comparative Literature has been a frequent topic among today’s academics in
Key words: Comparative Literature, teaching, systems, syllabus, tendencies, problems
比较文学的教学与比较视域的培养
刘燕
摘要: 本文围绕“比较文学的教学与比较视域的培养”这个中心问题，评论杨乃乔主编的新版教材《比较文学概论》一书对传统比较文学教材的新突破，即从“比较视域”的角度界定了比较文学的本体论、学科特点、定义、方法论以及不同于其他相关学科的特质所在，从而为高校文科中的比较文学教学提供了价值基点——培养学生终身受益的“比较视域”之思维习惯。
关键词：比较文学 比较视域 思维习惯
Abstract: Focusing on teaching of Comparative Literature and cultivating comparative perspectives, the paper discusses the break through into the traditional textbooks brought by the newly published textbook An Introduction to Comparative Literature by Yang Naiqiao. The new textbook defines the ontology, the characteristics of the discipline, methodology as well as the distinctive qualities of this subject. It provides basis for the teaching of Comparative Literature in the education of liberal arts, helping students to develop the thinking habit of comparative perspectives.
Key words: Comparative Literature ; comparative perspectives; the thinking habit
文学经典与文化权利（上）
——文化研究视野中的文学经典问题
陶东风
摘要：本文从文化研究的视觉对于文学的经典化与解经典化问题提出了自己的看法。文章认为，文学经典并不是普遍的艺术价值的体现，相反它不仅体现了特定阶级与时代的文学规范与审美理想，同时也凝聚着文化权力。经典化与解经典化的过程因此必然涉及文化领导权的斗争。考察不同时代、不同民族的文学作品的经典化过程与解经典化过程以及不同时代、不同民族的人对文学经典的接受方式与阅读态度，就不只具有文学史的意义，而且也是勘测社会文化史的重要线索。
>关键词：文学经典；经典化与解经典化；文化合法性
>Abstract: This article analyses the canonization and de-canonization from the
perspective of cultural studies. The author argues that the literary
canon embodies not only the literary and artistic norm of certain classes
and groups, but also the cultural legitimacy. The process of canonization and de-canonization thus necessarily involves the struggle over cultural hegemony.
>Key words: literary canon, canonization and de-canonization, cultural legitimacy
隐喻：修辞概念与诗性精神
李风亮
摘要：“隐喻”研究已成显学，本文对这一术语所蕴含的修辞意义与诗性精神进行了分析。作者认为：一、“隐喻（metaphor）”一词的词源意义与修辞意味；二、西方”隐喻”研究的不同阶段及对隐喻的相异评价；三、隐喻研究经历了从语言学术语到心理学概念，从修辞学隐喻到诗学、文化学隐喻的演递过程，原型批评就是诗学隐喻研究的一个重要成果；四、语词与实在之间的不对应、非逻辑、指他性、漂浮感，使隐喻本质上具有了隐秘、模糊等审美特征；五、隐喻不仅是写作者在特殊语境中遭遇言意困境时的一种书写策略，也是他们进行终极意义探寻的一条必由之路，是体现人类诗性智慧的一种基本存在方式。
关键词：隐喻；语词；实在；文学修辞学；诗性智慧
Abstract: This paper attempts to make a tentative analysis of the rhetorical meaning and poetic spirit implied in metaphor. After tracing the original meaning of the term “metaphor” and its rhetorical color and delineating the different stages of study on metaphor and various evaluations, the author concludes that, the study on metaphor, originally a linguistic term but now a psychological concept, has undergone a significant evolvement from rhetorical metaphor to poetic and cultural metaphor of which a great achievement is archetype criticism. It is also pointed out that metaphor, essentially characterized with such aesthetic features as ambiguity and fuzziness due to lack of correspondence, illogic, other-referential and floating sense between words and beings, is not only a writing strategy employed by the writer to tackle his trouble in expression but also an inevitable way to explore ultimate meanings as well as a basic meanings embodying the poetic wisdom of human beings.
Key Words: Metaphor; Word; Being; Rhetoric; Poetic Wisdom.
隐喻：人与言的和解者
张沛
摘要：人与言的疏离与和解构成了人类文明的一大母题。“言说”是人类的本性，而人类通过语言才成其为自身。人类借助隐喻符号来初步把握“整体经验”，而这种非推理性的“原始符号”会逐步“淡出”，为“推理性的表达”所取代，而这也正是人类语言、思维乃至全部知识的一般发展轨迹。通过对隐喻认识的不断深入，人类终于在语言中发现了自身存在的家园。
关键词：隐喻，语言，和解
Abstract: Man’s alienation from and reconciliation with language has constituted an important theme in the study of humanity. Utterance is man’s nature and only by utterance does man come into being. At the beginning, metaphoric signs have been employed to describe man’s experience and with time elapsing those primal signs will definitely relegate and be replaced by rational ones. This is a general law of man’s language, thoughts and knowledge. With a deeper probing into the nature of metaphor, man can gain a better understanding of his own existence.
Key Words: Metaphor, Language, alienation and reconciliation
作者－译者的新关系――“双性同体”模式
耿强
摘要：本文借助女性主义批评的“双性同体”这一概念，用来喻指原文作者与译者的新型关系。在回顾了原作者和译者间关系演变过程后，指出传统的基于“忠实”观念指导下的原作者/译者的关系不可避免地被新的关系所替代，但以新的学科研究范式指导重铸后的作者/译者的关系亦有其不合理之处。只有提倡“双性同体”的作者/译者新关系才能在两者之间寻求最佳平衡，译者的主体性才能得到真正的发挥。
关键词：女性主义批评；双性同体；学科范式；主体性
Abstract: A borrowed concept of “androgyny” from feminists’ criticism is employed here as a trope to refer to a new type of relations between authors/translators. After a review of its evolvement, it accordingly indicates that an inevitable shift of relations between authors/translators is destined to occur. To advocate “androgyny” between authors and translators seems a better means to maintain a balance between those two poles and further to bring translators’ subjectivity into a full play.
Key words: feminists’ criticism; androgyny; discipline’s paradigm; subjectivity
